Accounting for a Limited Joint-Stock Partnership (S.K.A.) | Full-Service Accounting

Accounting Firm for a Limited Partnership with Share Capital (S.K.A.)

Do you run a limited joint-stock partnership and are looking for an accounting firm that understands its unique characteristics? Aider Polska provides comprehensive accounting services for limited joint-stock partnerships—from day-to-day bookkeeping and corporate income tax (CIT) filings at both the company and partner levels to financial reporting and support during tax audits.

A limited joint-stock partnership (SKA) is a hybrid legal form that combines elements of a partnership and a corporation. It is typically chosen by entrepreneurs undertaking major investment projects, family-owned businesses, and entities that wish to separate the management function (general partners) from the investment function (shareholders). This unique nature — along with the fact that, since 2014, an SKA has been a separate corporate income tax (CIT) payer — directly impacts its accounting obligations: mandatory full accounting, two-tier taxation of profits, and the need for precise record-keeping of transactions involving both groups of partners.

We support limited at every stage of their operations — from maintaining full accounting records, through tax settlements and reporting, to collaborating with certified public accountants and tax advisors on transactions with related parties.

What does the accounting for a limited joint-stock partnership involve?

Every limited joint-stock partnership is required to maintain full accounting records in accordance with the Accounting Act—it may not use simplified forms of record-keeping, such as the revenue and expense ledger (KPiR). The main distinguishing feature of an S.K.A.’s finances is the dual status of its partners and the fact that the company is an independent corporate income tax (CIT) payer. This means that profits are taxed twice—first at the partnership level (CIT), and then at the partners’ level when dividends are distributed (PIT/CIT).

Full accounting for a limited joint-stock partnership includes, among other things:

maintaining accounting records,
recording revenues and expenses,
maintaining VAT records and preparing JPK_V7 files,
calculating and filing corporate income tax (CIT),
maintaining records of fixed assets and intangible assets,
preparing tax returns,
preparing financial statements,
handling and archiving accounting documentation.

Accounting conducted in this manner provides management and shareholders with detailed information about the company’s financial condition, enabling them to make informed business decisions.

What sets S.K.A. Accounting apart from other firms?

Accounting for an SKA is more complex than for many other types of businesses—this is primarily due to the different roles of general partners and shareholders, as well as the applicable tax rules.

- An SKA has two groups of partners—general partners who manage the company’s affairs and shareholders who act as investors. Proper accounting requires adequate records of transactions related to both groups’ participation in the company’s operations, including the distribution of profits in accordance with the Commercial Code and the company’s articles of incorporation.
- Accounting involves correctly determining the tax base, accounting for tax-deductible expenses and depreciation, as well as preparing tax returns—both at the company level and when distributing profits to shareholders.
- Each SKA prepares annual financial statements consisting of a balance sheet, an income statement, and supplementary information. Depending on the size of the company, the financial statements may be subject to an audit by a certified public accountant.
- If a company is a registered VAT payer, its accounting duties include maintaining sales and purchase ledgers and recording domestic, EU, and international transactions. In corporate groups, documentation of transactions with related parties is also of particular importance.

When is it a good idea to switch the accounting firm that serves an S.K.A.?

If your current accounting firm is unable to handle the specific requirements of an SKA, you risk errors in your two-tier CIT filings, an incorrect allocation of profits among general partners and shareholders, or problems during a tax audit. It’s worth considering a change if:

X the accountant cannot clearly explain the rules for taxing profits at the company and partner levels,

X the accounting records for general partners and shareholders are kept without a clear separation,

X the financial statements are prepared at the last minute, without prior consultation,

X the firm has no experience working with certified public accountants on the audit of financial statements,

X There is a lack of support during tax audits and in documenting transactions with related parties,

X Communication is limited to sending documents, without ongoing advice.

How much does it cost to handle the accounting for a limited joint-stock partnership?

The cost of accounting services for a limited joint-stock partnership depends on the number of documents, the scale of operations, the number of employees, the type of transactions conducted (including foreign transactions and those with related parties), and the scope of additional services, such as HR and payroll services or cooperation with a certified public accountant. Due to the mandatory full accounting requirements and two-tier corporate income tax (CIT) reporting, pricing is always determined on a case-by-case basis following an analysis of the company’s scale and structure.

A full range of services for S.K.A.

Providing comprehensive accounting services for a limited joint-stock partnership,
Maintaining accounting records,
CIT and VAT filings,
Preparing tax returns,
Preparing financial statements,
Maintaining fixed asset records,
Lease accounting,
HR and payroll services,
Preparing financial reports for management and shareholders,
Support during tax audits,
Collaboration with certified public accountants,
Ongoing accounting and tax advisory services.

We tailor the scope of our services to the company’s needs and the complexity of its business operations.

CIT Taxation of Limited Partnerships and General Partnerships-scaled-1

Why is Aider Polska a good accounting firm for an S.K.A.?

High level of professional expertise — practical knowledge in servicing commercial law companies (under the Commercial Companies Code) and advanced tax law.
Experience in comprehensive accounting – we successfully manage large and complex business entities, including companies with two groups of partners.
Tax compliance – we stay up to date on changes in regulations and interpretations by the National Tax Information Service (KIS), protecting your business from penalties.
Comprehensive Services (One-Stop-Shop) – in addition to accounting, we provide HR and payroll support as well as business consulting.
We work with both companies operating in the domestic market and those conducting international business.

Experts in Limited Partnerships with Share Capital

Agnieszka Bojar has been gaining professional experience in accounting and finance for over 20 years. She has developed her career both at accounting firms and within the internal structures of an international organization, where she was responsible for finance, taxes, group reporting, financial reporting, and controlling.

In 2010, she joined Aider Polska. Over the years, she was promoted from Senior Accountant to Manager, gaining extensive experience in serving clients in the real estate, service, manufacturing, and hospitality industries. She is responsible for accounting and tax compliance, supporting clients in effectively managing their finances and fulfilling their tax obligations.

She holds a degree in economics and has completed postgraduate studies in finance and accounting at the University of Warsaw. In her work, she prioritizes professionalism, high-quality service, and continuous process improvement. As a Manager, she also fosters team development and strong collaboration within the team.

FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions

- Yes. A limited joint-stock partnership maintains its accounting records in accordance with the Accounting Act. It may not use simplified forms of record-keeping, such as a tax revenue and expense ledger.
- Yes. A limited joint-stock partnership is subject to corporate income tax and files its CIT returns in accordance with the rules set forth in the applicable regulations.
- The price depends on the number of documents, the scale of operations, the number of employees, the type of transactions conducted, and the scope of additional services. We prepare each quote on a case-by-case basis.
- Yes. We offer comprehensive accounting services using electronic document workflow and tools that enable remote collaboration.
- Yes. We support businesses operating both domestically and internationally, including those that account for intra-EU and foreign transactions.
- Yes. We offer comprehensive services that include bookkeeping, payroll processing, Social Insurance (ZUS) reporting, and HR record-keeping.

Accounting for a Limited Joint-Stock Partnership (S.K.A.) | Full-Service Accounting

Table of Contents

Accounting Firm for a Limited Partnership with Share Capital (S.K.A.)

What does the accounting for a limited joint-stock partnership involve?

What sets S.K.A. Accounting apart from other firms?

When is it a good idea to switch the accounting firm that serves an S.K.A.?

How much does it cost to handle the accounting for a limited joint-stock partnership?

A full range of services for S.K.A.

Why is Aider Polska a good accounting firm for an S.K.A.?

Experts in Limited Partnerships with Share Capital

References

Fidea

Dehn

Luneos

FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions